“‘Female circumcision is a traditional practice that dates back hundreds of years in many African countries,’ explains Elizabeth Mwangi, justice and peacebuilding officer for Catholic Relief Services (CRS) in Kenya. ‘Some Kenyan communities are now recognizing the human rights and health issues involved and are taking measures to end the practice. At the same time, they want to retain the important rite of passage and cultural education that are also part of the ritual.’” [2]

The UN reports that over 91 million girls and women have already been circumcised, with roughly three million African girls at risk of circumcision annually. Consequences of the procedure include bleeding, infection, higher rates of infant mortality, physical and emotional trauma, sterility, and death. [1]

The short documentary below outlines the basic problem, as experienced by Egyptian women. Resistance to FGM continues to grow as more rural communities are educated about the risks.

Local and international movements alike have already initiated change. In February of 2003, the First Lady of Nigeria, Stella Obasanjo, called for “Zero Tolerance to FGM” in Africa. This prompted the UN to officially name February 6th the International Day of Zero Tolerance to FGM, and ceremonies marking this day occur around the globe. [3]

In 2007, The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) launched a $44 million campaign to reduce the practice by 40% in 16 African countries by 2015. The Norwegian government was the first major contributor to the campaign, donating $3.5 million to the cause. [4] Activist groups like CRS and End FGM Kenya also educate civilians and raise awareness internationally, in an effort to encourage women to not participate in the tradition. [5]

This decade has seen marked progress in the campaign to end female circumcision. Most recently, in December of 2009, Uganda officially banned it. Now, anyone in the country convicted of the practice “will face 10 years in jail, or a life sentence if the victim dies.” [1] Hopefully, as the resistance movement continues to grow, more nations will follow suit and take formal actions to eliminate FGM altogether.

Sources:

[1] “Uganda Bans Female Genital Mutiliation” BBC News Online. December 10, 2009

[2] “Saying ‘No’ to ‘The Cut’ in Kenya.” (Debbie DeVoe) Catholic Relief Services Online

[3] “Commemorating International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation.” (Charlotte Feldman-Jacobs) Population Reference Bureau. February 2009

[4] “FGM News: ‘UNFPA, UNICEF Step Up Efforts to End Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting.” Campaign to End FGM in Kenya. September 8, 2007

[5] End FGM Kenya

America’s sharp economic downturn this year hit men harder than women, and “it’s expected that by the end of the year, for the first time in history, the majority of workers in the U.S. will be women.” TIME’s survey of roughly 3,500 adults (see poll details here) found that “men and women were in broad agreement about what matters most to them; gone is the notion that women’s rise comes at men’s expense.”

Below are some results from their latest poll, occasionally contrasted with data from the early 1970’s. The visual charts and graphs were assembled by Andrea Ford and Deirdre Van Dyk. (Click on images to see a larger view)

Accepting New Gender Roles

“Large majorities, across ages and incomes and ideologies, view women’s growing role in the work force as good for both the economy and society in general. … 84% [of those polled] affirm that husbands and wives negotiate the rules, relationships and responsibilities more than those of earlier generations.” Marriages and partnerships are predominately happy, which can likely be attributed to equality between partners.

Women in the Workplace, Government & Military

More Power Means More Stress

Marriage & Motherhood

Gaps Still Exist

Women might be working against themselves, perhaps prolonging the gender gap in some circumstances:

Why might women have more trouble working under female bosses than men do?

More women feel resented than men feel resentful. Do women feel insecure wielding power in the workplace?

Sharing the Fight for Equality

The commonalities between men and women vastly outweigh the differences, and it’s evident the women’s rights movement has accomplished a lot since the 1970’s. As Gibbs reports, “It’s as though sensible people are too busy to bother bickering about who takes out the garbage or who deserves the corner office; many of the deepest conflicts are now new ones that men and women share.”

Source:

Gibbs, Nancy, with Andrea Ford and Deirdre Van Dyk. “The State of the American Woman: What Women Want Now.” TIME Magazine. 26 October 2009: 25-33

So, women can be either nice or successful, but never both?
Note: “Nice Girls Finish Fat” is a book title

Does that mean husbands can’t be good advisors?

Where did this chair obsession come from?

Note: “Women Fly When Men Aren’t Watching” is a book title.

A recent New York Times article goes in depth about the changing roles of women in the military:

“Before 2001, America’s military women had rarely seen ground combat. Their jobs kept them mostly away from enemy lines, as military policy dictates.

But the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, often fought in marketplaces and alleyways, have changed that. In both countries, women have repeatedly proved their mettle in combat. The number of high-ranking women and women who command all-male units has climbed considerably along with their status in the military.

‘Iraq has advanced the cause of full integration for women in the Army by leaps and bounds,’ said Peter R. Mansoor, a retired Army colonel who served as executive officer to Gen. David H. Petraeus while he was the top American commander in Iraq. ‘They have earned the confidence and respect of male colleagues.’”

For more information, see the full article here.

To listen to personal stories from female soldiers, see “Women At Arms: In Their Own Words.”

Thanks to Berta in Utah for this find!

Source:

“G.I. Jane Breaks the Combat Barrier” (Lizette Alvarez) The New York Times Online. August 15, 2009

“Women at Arms: In Their Own Words” (Catrin Einhorn and Cornelius Schmid) The New York Times Online. August 16, 2009

This short documentary, entitled “Access Denied”, informed millions of Americans about the situation, in hopes of appealing the ill-conceived Global Gag Rule. A few short months ago, the fight was finally over, and President Barack Obama lifted the ban.

“Access Denied” is a Population International production.
For more information go to: www.population.org

Sources:

“Doctors Campaign for Safe Abortion in Zambia” (Sally Chiwama) Women’s News Network Online. June 12, 2009

“HEALTH: Obama Lifts ‘Global Gag Rule’” (Jim Lobe)  IPS News. January 23, 2009